Documentation
There is plenty of technical documentation available for Varnish. The kind of documentation you are looking for will most likely depend on the version of Varnish you are using.
Varnish Cache documentation
An overview of all Varnish Cache documentation → The reference manual for Varnish Cache 6.0 LTS →
Varnish Cache 6.0 LTS is the long-term supported version of Varnish and is the version that we recommend. It is maintained by Varnish Software and receives frequent updates, including backported features.
The Varnish Cache community does two releases per year, which are considered fresh releases. These releases are primarily featured-based and do not guarantee backward compatibility.
Varnish Enterprise documentation
Documentation for all Varnish Enterprise tools → Documentation for Varnish Enterprise →
Varnish Enterprise is the commercial version of Varnish, developed by Varnish Software. It is a collection tools that make up the Varnish Enterprise solution.